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This educational video is prepared in fulfilment of the requirements for EKC336 Chemical Reaction Engineering Course.

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School of Chemical Engineering ​ Universiti Sains Malaysia ​ Sem I, 2021/2022

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Chlor-alkali Membrane Cell Process​

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Background of Chlor-alkali Process ​

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Electrolysis of Sodium chloride solution

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Chlorine (Cl-Cl) Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) Hydrogen (H-H)

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19th century

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United States

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Western Europe

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Japan

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-Become the principal source of chlorine during the 20th century. -Although Chemist William Cruikshank first formed chlorine gas by electrolysis of brine in 1800. -The electrolysis method was successfully used on a commercial scale 90 years later.

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Reference 1

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Process System of Chlor-Alkali Process

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Membrane cell

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Diaphragm cell

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Mercury cell

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Reference 2

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During the electrolysis, sodium ions and some water permeates through the membrane and enters the cathode compartment

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Sources: www.eurochlor.org

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Figure 1: Schematic Diagram of membrane cell process 

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Chlorine gas is formed in the anode compartment

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In the cathode compartment, water molecules are electrolyzed, releasing hydrogen gas

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An ion-permeable ion-exchange membrane allows sodium ions to enter a second chamber where they react with hydroxide ions to produce caustic soda

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Reference 2 & 3

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Reference 4

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The process parameters 

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Electrolyzer condition :

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Current density Temperature Electrode gap

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Anolyte condition:

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Anolyte concentration Acidity Brine impurities

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Reference 4 & 6

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Catholyte condition: 

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Caustic concentration Caustic impurities

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The details of the membrane electrolyzer

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Reference no 5

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Credit page: Group no: 16 Respective job scopes: CHONG WEI CHENG –Background, operation and reaction scheme LIM KAI SEONG – PFD, process parameter, details on the main reactor NOORHIDAYAH BINTI ISHAK – Editing video Matric number: CHONG WEI CHENG -147757 LIM KAI SEONG – 147231 NOORHIDAYAH BINTI ISHAK – P-JD0014/21 (R) Lecturer name : Dr. Azam Taufik bin Mohd Din Date of Submission : 17 December 2021

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REFERENCES: 1. Jedidiah Crook & Aliyar Mousavi (2016) The chlor-alkali process: A review of history and pollution, Environmental Forensics, 17:3, 211-217, DOI: 10.1080/15275922.2016.1177755 2. Lakshmanan, S., Murugesan, T. The chlor-alkali process: Work in Progress . Clean Techn Environ Policy 16, 225–234 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-013-0630-6 3. https://www.eurochlor.org/about-chlor-alkali/how-are-chlorine-and-caustic-soda-made/ membrane-cell-process/ 4. Joannah I. Otashu, Michael Baldea (2019). Demand response-oriented dynamic modeling and operational optimization of membrane-based chlor-alkali plants. Computers and Chemical Engineering, 121, 396–408. 5.Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Chlor-Alkali Manufacturing industry. (2001). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/238732570_Integrated_Pollution_Prevention_ and_Control_IPPC_Reference_Document_on_the_application_of_Best_Available_ Techniques_to_Industrial_Cooling_Systems​. 6. O’Brien, T.F. , Bommaraju, T.V. , Hine, F. , 2007. Handbook of chlor-Alkali technology: Volume i: fundamentals, volume II: Brine treatment and cell operation, volume III: facility design and product handling, volume IV: Operations, volume v: corrosion, environmental issues, and future developments, 1. Springer Science & Business Media .

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