In research, we manipulate variables to find causal effects!
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What if we can't manipulate the variables?
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Correlational Observation
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Correlation
Design
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Examine relationships without manipulation
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High external validity
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Reflect real-world conditions
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Laptop Usage and Academic Performance
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Research using correlational observation
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Research Findings:
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- Spent 37 min per class browsing the Internet for
non-class-related purposes with their laptops.
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- Negative correlation between motivation, interest,
and intelligence
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Research
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- Class-related Internet use was
not associated
with a benefit to classroom
performance
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62% of students see no
problem with texting in
class
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Graphs!
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Created By:
Cali Blizzard
Ashley Bradbury
Brandon Stafford
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References
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Ravizza, S., Uitvlugt, M., & Fenn, K. (2016, December 20).
Logged in and zoned out: How laptop internet use ... - sage journals.
Logged In and Zoned Out: How Laptop Internet Use Relates to Classroom Learning.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0956797616677314
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Martin, D. W. (2007). Doing Psychology Experiments. Cengage Learning.