NURS 240 Teaching Resource

Transcript

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Benzodiazepines

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diazepan (Valium)

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By: Hannah Olszewski

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Action

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-Binds with GABA receptor complexes within the brain & enhances the inhibitory effects of these neurotransmitters

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Effect

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-Produce sleepiness & lessens anxiety and tension within body

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-This drug is considered a central nervous system depressant

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Drug Information: -There is a long amount of time taken for drug to reduce to half its original value: about 20 hours in young adults and up to 100 hours in older aged adults

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-The medication takes about 5-7 days to reach a steady state within the  body

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-High lipid solubility allows quick entrance into the central nervous system and beginning of action

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Adult dosage range:      2-10 mg by mouth 2-4 times daily      5-10 mg injected into a vein (slowly) or muscle

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Uses:

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~Anxiety: medication makes patient more relaxed and drowsy

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~Management of alcohol withdrawal symptoms

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~Sleep: can induce drowsiness within 20 minutes and sleep for several hours following dose

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~Anti-seizure medication: can decrease or stop seizures

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Adverse Effects:

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~CNS depression ~Sedation ~Physical & mental impairment ~Respiratory depression ~Hypotension & dizziness

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Antidote, which is the medication used in case of taking too much of a benzodiazepine is:

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flumazenil (Romazicon)

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Withdrawal symptoms can occur if medication is stopped suddenly 

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-These include anxiety, insomnia, psychomotor agitation, irritability, tremors,& palpitations

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Drug interactions:

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-Avoid use in patients with low albumin level because drug is highly bound to this protein

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-Slowed breaking down of drug in patients with renal (kidney) problems, leads to increased sedation and respiratory depression

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-Avoid use with pain killers, sleep medications, Proton Pump Inhibitors, Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics, and Antihistamine medications

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Special instructions:

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-Should not be taken more than 3-4 times weekly or for more than 3 weeks

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-Should be given for shortest period possible so as not to develop dependency

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-Do no fix underlying issue, just help patient manage symptoms

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-Take with glass of water and food if stomach gets upset

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Questions:

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What are two uses of benzodiazepines?

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What is the antidote for this drug?