Project 2 [Copy]

Transcript

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Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Presentation by Dineth And Jonny

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Photosynthesis

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3 steps of Photosynthesis

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Step 1: Capturing Solar energy and transferring that energy to electrons

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Step 2: Using the Solar energy that was captured to produce ATP and transfer high energy electrons to NADP+: yields to NADPH, which is then used as a high energy electron carrier molecule

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Step 3: Using energy stored in ATP and high energy electrons carried by NADPH in order to form energy rich organic molecules. (Glucose from Carbon Dioxide).

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Final step involves carbon fixation, also known as The Calvin cycle, involves a large number of light-independent reactions.

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Step 1 relies on Light Dependent reactions on 2 distinct but Interconnected Photosystem I&II. They play a major role in capturing Solar energy.

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Step 2 capture Solar energy through pigments within photosynthesis now used to form energy-rich molecules, and to make ATP from ADP and Pi, this involves ETC, Oxidation-Reduction Reactions, and Chemiosmosis.

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Cellular Respiration

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The Process of Cellular Respiration is split into two different types,each includes its own unique stages

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Aerobic Respiration (Requires Oxygen)

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Anaerobic Respiration (Does not Require Oxygen)

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Aerobic Respiration Stage 1: GLYCOLYSIS

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This is the first step of cellular respiration. Produces two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules which is G3P, from a 6-carbon glucose molecule Produces two net ATP and two NADH molecules.

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Requires two ATP molecules to initiate the reaction. This causes glucose to split into two G3P molecules. G3P then reduces NAD+ into NADH. Through the reaction above PGA become pyruvate, which is required for the next stage

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Aerobic Respiration Stage 2: Pyruvate Oxidation

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This stage takes place in the Mitochondrial Matrix where a carboxyl group is removed from Pyruvate and released as Carbon Dioxide. The two Carbon molecule from the first stage is the oxidized molecule, and the NAD+ molecule accepts the electron to become NADH

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Aerobic Respiration Stage 3: KREBS CYCLE

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8-step cyclic pathway initiates when acetyl-CoA releases its CoA, the main objective of this reaction is produce even more high- energy compounds such as NADH & FADH2

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Aerobic Respiration stage 4: Electron Transport Chain (ETC) & Chemiosmosis.

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The majority of ATP is produced by the ETC. This process takes place across the inner membrane of the mitochondria and involves the passing of high-energy electrons (NADH & FADH2) from carrier to carrier.

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Chemiosmosis - Formation of ATP caused by the movement of H+ ions into the intermembrane builds up potential energy.

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Anaerobic respiration

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Anaerobic Respiration is mostly present in environments where oxygen is in short supply. Organisms that habitat in these environments have different methods of consuming nutrients Ex: Bacteria & Archaea

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Anaerobic Respiration Stage 1: Glycolysis

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Glycolysis allows organisms to produce ATP through partial breakdown of glucose, even if oxygen is not present during that process.

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Anaerobic Respiration stage 2: Fermentation

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Cells of anaerobic respiration must go through short periods without oxygen , fermentation is less effective that anaerobic/aerobic cellular respiration because this stage produces less ATP. Which will lead to build-up of harmful by-products

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Thank You For Watching!